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To clarify and give further details on the development of the Baba Nyonya’s architectural style.
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Baba-Nyonya or China Peranakan have their unique cultural heritage in which their history can be found mainly in the cities of Georgetown, Penang and the Malacca of Malaysia. This website helps to explore one aspect of the cultural heritage of Baba-Nyonya of its rich art and design elements found in its style of architecture. The architecture constructed portrays eclectic formal Chinese shophouses, Malay traditional houses and British Colonial grandeur styles. The art and design found embellished in this architecture present an avenue for commodifying one element of the cultural heritage of the China Peranakan. The Baba-Nyonya architecture stands proud as a unique tourist attraction residing mainly in the urban areas of Georgetown and Malacca. Its architectural splendours and cultural heritage manage to attract tourists to learn and appreciate the existence of Baba-Nyonya.
Baba-Nyonya architecture style plays a vital role as it enable tourist to exploit various architectural heritage through visiting the historical place. The Baba-Nyonya architecture depicts a new style of construction and the introduction of a hybrid of architecture into the Malaysian scene. One example of the is the Pinang Peranakan Museum in Penang show below:
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| -Pinang Peranakan Mansion- |
Generally, the architectural styles of Baba-Nyonya shophouses in Malaysia are usually associated with Straits Eclectic Style. The Straits Eclectic Shophouses appears around the early 20th Century (1990 – 1940). In the early 20th Century, shophouses in the Straits Settlements began to adopt Western architectural styles with an emphasis on full-length French windows with a pair of full-length timber shutters, an arched or rectangular transom over the window opening, pilasters of classical orders; and plaster renderings. In the early 1900, reinforced concrete was used to allow wider roof overhangs and more elaborate cantilevered brackets which sprung from above the pilasters. Example of Straits Eclectic Style:
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| -Chinese Straits Eclectic Style- |
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Unlike the early and traditional shophouses which have a continuous row of windows, the Straits Eclectic style developed with the breaking of the facade into two or three moulded openings. Such style became popular among the Peranakan Cina community in either Malacca or Penang. In some shophouses, the pilasters placed between openings, the spaces above the arched transom and below the openings were decorated with plaster renderings such as bouquets of flowers, fruits, mythical figures and geometrical shapes. In addition, some of the window or door panels were beautifully carved. These decorations among other things reflect not only the wealth of the owners or tenants but also their status or position in the local community. One of the main differences between a Peranakan Cina shophouse and a pure Chinese shophouse is the presence of these highly intricate ornaments and carvings.
What is truly unique about the Straits Eclectic architecture in Penang, Malacca is the richness and wide range of architectural vocabulary derived from the hybrid of western and eastern styles and traditions. The future generations of this country, particularly the descendents of the Peranakan Cina may not only learn the architectural and historical values of the shophouses which were of importance to such community but also the cultural aspects and social customs. Based on the discussion, it is important that the Peranakan Cina are associated with and recognised by their architectural significance in addition to their food, crafts, antique furniture and social customs. Even though they no longer enjoy the high social and economic status of the golden age, the Peranakan Cina architecture should be part of the architectural heritage of Malaysia. Efforts should be made to conserve their unique architecture including the shophouses.
Some other images related to the Architectural Style of Baba-Nyonya:
What is truly unique about the Straits Eclectic architecture in Penang, Malacca is the richness and wide range of architectural vocabulary derived from the hybrid of western and eastern styles and traditions. The future generations of this country, particularly the descendents of the Peranakan Cina may not only learn the architectural and historical values of the shophouses which were of importance to such community but also the cultural aspects and social customs. Based on the discussion, it is important that the Peranakan Cina are associated with and recognised by their architectural significance in addition to their food, crafts, antique furniture and social customs. Even though they no longer enjoy the high social and economic status of the golden age, the Peranakan Cina architecture should be part of the architectural heritage of Malaysia. Efforts should be made to conserve their unique architecture including the shophouses.
Some other images related to the Architectural Style of Baba-Nyonya:
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| -Main Courtyard- |
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| -Impressive Window Crafting- |
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| -Baba Nyonya House- |
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| -Front Hall View of Pinang Peranakan Mansion- |
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| -Door Carving- |
References:
By Anson cw.
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